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Researchers in R&D (per million people)

The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Country Year Value
Argentina 2008 1,036.00
Argentina 2009 1,035.63
Argentina 2010 1,123.83
Argentina 2011 1,180.67
Argentina 2012 1,203.37
Argentina 2013 1,198.26
Argentina 2014 1,206.94
Austria 2008 4,136.93
Austria 2009 4,140.10
Austria 2010 4,349.72
Austria 2011 4,390.35
Austria 2012 4,669.45
Austria 2013 4,724.72
Austria 2014 4,947.87
Belgium 2008 3,411.75
Belgium 2009 3,519.85
Belgium 2010 3,732.83
Belgium 2011 3,875.64
Belgium 2012 4,113.26
Belgium 2013 4,155.90
Belgium 2014 4,528.91
Bulgaria 2008 1,513.01
Bulgaria 2009 1,601.39
Bulgaria 2010 1,478.65
Bulgaria 2011 1,613.03
Bulgaria 2012 1,540.77
Bulgaria 2013 1,683.79
Bulgaria 2014 1,821.92
Brazil 2008 590.71
Brazil 2009 625.52
Brazil 2010 686.12
Brazil 2011 737.72
Brazil 2012 788.49
Brazil 2013 838.47
Brazil 2014 887.68
Canada 2008 4,715.39
Canada 2009 4,451.48
Canada 2010 4,646.31
Canada 2011 4,780.08
Canada 2012 4,627.45
Canada 2013 4,623.12
Canada 2014 4,541.85
Chile 2008 356.65
Chile 2009 287.75
Chile 2010 318.83
Chile 2011 352.71
Chile 2012 390.68
Chile 2013 335.37
Chile 2014 427.12
China 2008 1,176.46
China 2009 846.56
China 2010 884.59
China 2011 957.57
China 2012 1,014.31
China 2013 1,066.21
China 2014 1,089.20
Costa Rica 2008 261.03
Costa Rica 2009 339.55
Costa Rica 2010 381.88
Costa Rica 2011 406.21
Costa Rica 2012 337.24
Costa Rica 2013 355.12
Costa Rica 2014 568.46
Cyprus 2008 1,011.38
Cyprus 2009 1,065.75
Cyprus 2010 1,077.70
Cyprus 2011 1,063.79
Cyprus 2012 1,017.46
Cyprus 2013 1,036.13
Cyprus 2014 1,064.93
Czech Republic 2008 2,857.02
Czech Republic 2009 2,742.08
Czech Republic 2010 2,773.96
Czech Republic 2011 2,903.66
Czech Republic 2012 3,139.24
Czech Republic 2013 3,237.24
Czech Republic 2014 3,402.83
Germany 2008 3,733.28
Germany 2009 3,922.21
Germany 2010 4,058.01
Germany 2011 4,188.81
Germany 2012 4,352.32
Germany 2013 4,366.69
Germany 2014 4,320.70
Denmark 2008 6,493.90
Denmark 2009 6,656.97
Denmark 2010 6,739.18
Denmark 2011 7,017.94
Denmark 2012 7,143.29
Denmark 2013 7,071.14
Denmark 2014 7,310.66
Ecuador 2008 102.61
Ecuador 2009 117.68
Ecuador 2010 140.58
Ecuador 2011 179.51
Ecuador 2012 281.17
Ecuador 2013 350.66
Ecuador 2014 399.49
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2008 438.60
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2009 433.33
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2010 492.41
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2011 491.76
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2012 517.14
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2013 539.02
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2014 675.24
Spain 2008 2,843.28
Spain 2009 2,872.33
Spain 2010 2,869.17
Spain 2011 2,766.00
Spain 2012 2,693.78
Spain 2013 2,625.68
Spain 2014 2,613.10
Estonia 2008 2,969.24
Estonia 2009 3,228.72
Estonia 2010 3,060.58
Estonia 2011 3,397.58
Estonia 2012 3,462.92
Estonia 2013 3,341.01
Estonia 2014 3,284.26
European Union 2008 2,934.74
European Union 2009 2,990.62
European Union 2010 3,091.79
European Union 2011 3,129.79
European Union 2012 3,252.39
European Union 2013 3,331.87
European Union 2014 3,387.01
Finland 2008 7,684.81
Finland 2009 7,646.34
Finland 2010 7,720.22
Finland 2011 7,421.58
Finland 2012 7,473.71
Finland 2013 7,206.53
Finland 2014 7,009.29
France 2008 3,659.88
France 2009 3,747.28
France 2010 3,873.01
France 2011 3,942.39
France 2012 4,073.25
France 2013 4,154.82
France 2014 4,233.64
United Kingdom 2008 4,053.93
United Kingdom 2009 4,076.55
United Kingdom 2010 4,043.27
United Kingdom 2011 3,926.12
United Kingdom 2012 3,969.86
United Kingdom 2013 4,119.45
United Kingdom 2014 4,227.62
Guatemala 2008 38.55
Guatemala 2009 38.70
Guatemala 2010 24.81
Guatemala 2011 24.75
Guatemala 2012 26.91
Guatemala 2013 17.38
Guatemala 2014 20.28
Hong Kong SAR, China 2008 2,680.96
Hong Kong SAR, China 2009 2,784.69
Hong Kong SAR, China 2010 3,114.55
Hong Kong SAR, China 2011 3,085.38
Hong Kong SAR, China 2012 3,191.21
Hong Kong SAR, China 2013 3,377.87
Hong Kong SAR, China 2014 3,591.20
Croatia 2008 1,538.61
Croatia 2009 1,596.54
Croatia 2010 1,641.34
Croatia 2011 1,587.49
Croatia 2012 1,556.84
Croatia 2013 1,526.68
Croatia 2014 1,437.43
Hungary 2008 1,851.91
Hungary 2009 2,014.57
Hungary 2010 2,149.81
Hungary 2011 2,326.17
Hungary 2012 2,416.48
Hungary 2013 2,546.08
Hungary 2014 2,673.43
Ireland 2008 3,284.06
Ireland 2009 3,156.92
Ireland 2010 3,112.65
Ireland 2011 3,325.78
Ireland 2012 4,853.96
Ireland 2013 5,136.48
Ireland 2014 5,304.48
Iran, Islamic Rep. 2008 752.46
Iran, Islamic Rep. 2009 716.57
Iran, Islamic Rep. 2010 743.10
Iran, Islamic Rep. 2011 0.00
Iran, Islamic Rep. 2012 697.06
Iran, Islamic Rep. 2013 679.39
Iran, Islamic Rep. 2014 0.00
Iraq 2008 391.46
Iraq 2009 415.83
Iraq 2010 432.02
Iraq 2011 441.30
Iraq 2012 0.00
Iraq 2013 0.00
Iraq 2014 69.57
Italy 2008 1,625.30
Italy 2009 1,723.02
Italy 2010 1,743.34
Italy 2011 1,781.39
Italy 2012 1,848.63
Italy 2013 1,930.69
Italy 2014 1,956.36
Japan 2008 5,108.78
Japan 2009 5,099.21
Japan 2010 5,103.63
Japan 2011 5,110.17
Japan 2012 5,032.93
Japan 2013 5,147.44
Japan 2014 5,328.41
Kazakhstan 2008 376.49
Kazakhstan 2009 348.63
Kazakhstan 2010 370.53
Kazakhstan 2011 385.92
Kazakhstan 2012 612.18
Kazakhstan 2013 737.22
Kazakhstan 2014 798.67
Korea, Rep. 2008 4,801.24
Korea, Rep. 2009 4,946.09
Korea, Rep. 2010 5,330.80
Korea, Rep. 2011 5,802.84
Korea, Rep. 2012 6,304.14
Korea, Rep. 2013 6,392.64
Korea, Rep. 2014 6,826.27
Kuwait 2008 151.73
Kuwait 2009 142.50
Kuwait 2010 136.03
Kuwait 2011 129.73
Kuwait 2012 131.09
Kuwait 2013 0.00
Kuwait 2014 620.17
Lithuania 2008 2,624.76
Lithuania 2009 2,680.55
Lithuania 2010 2,752.72
Lithuania 2011 2,721.02
Lithuania 2012 2,634.33
Lithuania 2013 2,843.86
Lithuania 2014 3,054.02
Luxembourg 2008 4,712.77
Luxembourg 2009 4,826.32
Luxembourg 2010 5,144.98
Luxembourg 2011 5,451.36
Luxembourg 2012 4,352.17
Luxembourg 2013 4,614.22
Luxembourg 2014 4,741.07
Latvia 2008 2,012.66
Latvia 2009 1,688.28
Latvia 2010 1,838.72
Latvia 2011 1,885.26
Latvia 2012 1,886.89
Latvia 2013 1,772.65
Latvia 2014 1,854.33
Macao SAR, China 2008 388.56
Macao SAR, China 2009 569.72
Macao SAR, China 2010 649.85
Macao SAR, China 2011 610.53
Macao SAR, China 2012 736.65
Macao SAR, China 2013 913.28
Macao SAR, China 2014 1,031.47
Morocco 2008 656.47
Morocco 2009 0.00
Morocco 2010 719.78
Morocco 2011 845.41
Morocco 2012 850.28
Morocco 2013 0.00
Morocco 2014 1,024.35
Moldova 2008 822.14
Moldova 2009 802.82
Moldova 2010 760.86
Moldova 2011 777.35
Moldova 2012 768.65
Moldova 2013 737.29
Moldova 2014 746.80
Mexico 2008 339.65
Mexico 2009 382.10
Mexico 2010 337.42
Mexico 2011 344.23
Mexico 2012 248.09
Mexico 2013 251.80
Mexico 2014 0.00
North Macedonia 2008 468.24
North Macedonia 2009 431.60
North Macedonia 2010 532.13
North Macedonia 2011 445.22
North Macedonia 2012 611.78
North Macedonia 2013 675.28
North Macedonia 2014 837.58
Malta 2008 1,321.15
Malta 2009 1,200.33
Malta 2010 1,417.01
Malta 2011 1,785.91
Malta 2012 1,986.68
Malta 2013 1,886.66
Malta 2014 1,831.72
Malaysia 2008 600.11
Malaysia 2009 1,067.54
Malaysia 2010 1,462.47
Malaysia 2011 1,648.88
Malaysia 2012 1,790.69
Malaysia 2013 0.00
Malaysia 2014 2,054.17
Netherlands 2008 3,061.73
Netherlands 2009 2,824.31
Netherlands 2010 3,219.04
Netherlands 2011 3,664.37
Netherlands 2012 4,361.35
Netherlands 2013 4,551.93
Netherlands 2014 4,512.60
Norway 2008 5,361.12
Norway 2009 5,443.10
Norway 2010 5,413.77
Norway 2011 5,502.46
Norway 2012 5,552.97
Norway 2013 5,573.83
Norway 2014 5,685.63
Panama 2008 131.68
Panama 2009 110.08
Panama 2010 0.00
Panama 2011 118.17
Panama 2012 37.66
Panama 2013 39.11
Panama 2014 0.00
Poland 2008 1,611.32
Poland 2009 1,593.27
Poland 2010 1,683.05
Poland 2011 1,675.06
Poland 2012 1,752.71
Poland 2013 1,873.06
Poland 2014 2,064.05
Portugal 2008 3,813.76
Portugal 2009 3,756.50
Portugal 2010 3,918.76
Portugal 2011 4,168.27
Portugal 2012 4,037.33
Portugal 2013 3,610.55
Portugal 2014 3,662.38
Romania 2008 931.08
Romania 2009 933.76
Romania 2010 966.20
Romania 2011 790.69
Romania 2012 890.67
Romania 2013 922.67
Romania 2014 903.83
Russian Federation 2008 3,149.86
Russian Federation 2009 3,085.69
Russian Federation 2010 3,081.08
Russian Federation 2011 3,114.61
Russian Federation 2012 3,078.39
Russian Federation 2013 3,052.69
Russian Federation 2014 3,075.14
Singapore 2008 5,829.59
Singapore 2009 6,147.09
Singapore 2010 6,242.35
Singapore 2011 6,405.93
Singapore 2012 6,358.35
Singapore 2013 6,605.64
Singapore 2014 6,635.56
Serbia 2008 1,360.37
Serbia 2009 1,429.37
Serbia 2010 1,514.84
Serbia 2011 1,624.01
Serbia 2012 1,643.37
Serbia 2013 1,726.97
Serbia 2014 1,830.99
Slovak Republic 2008 2,331.25
Slovak Republic 2009 2,460.59
Slovak Republic 2010 2,809.40
Slovak Republic 2011 2,833.44
Slovak Republic 2012 2,820.17
Slovak Republic 2013 2,716.37
Slovak Republic 2014 2,715.55
Slovenia 2008 3,475.94
Slovenia 2009 3,661.12
Slovenia 2010 3,769.81
Slovenia 2011 4,277.31
Slovenia 2012 4,317.18
Slovenia 2013 4,220.33
Slovenia 2014 4,147.06
Sweden 2008 5,437.17
Sweden 2009 5,079.73
Sweden 2010 5,251.45
Sweden 2011 5,144.55
Sweden 2012 5,164.10
Sweden 2013 6,674.35
Sweden 2014 6,875.99
Tunisia 2008 1,217.45
Tunisia 2009 1,490.54
Tunisia 2010 1,384.74
Tunisia 2011 1,431.41
Tunisia 2012 1,627.92
Tunisia 2013 1,801.16
Tunisia 2014 1,814.12
Turkey 2008 749.96
Turkey 2009 809.83
Turkey 2010 889.58
Turkey 2011 981.83
Turkey 2012 1,100.08
Turkey 2013 1,173.19
Turkey 2014 1,160.92
Ukraine 2008 1,428.29
Ukraine 2009 1,345.59
Ukraine 2010 1,327.99
Ukraine 2011 1,257.93
Ukraine 2012 1,231.03
Ukraine 2013 1,162.05
Ukraine 2014 1,023.93
Uruguay 2008 427.82
Uruguay 2009 558.56
Uruguay 2010 626.62
Uruguay 2011 614.44
Uruguay 2012 632.44
Uruguay 2013 634.91
Uruguay 2014 642.86
United States 2008 3,935.49
United States 2009 4,090.27
United States 2010 3,885.08
United States 2011 4,027.12
United States 2012 3,990.62
United States 2013 4,090.87
United States 2014 4,204.72
Uzbekistan 2008 580.41
Uzbekistan 2009 572.98
Uzbekistan 2010 544.96
Uzbekistan 2011 574.80
Uzbekistan 2012 513.08
Uzbekistan 2013 507.04
Uzbekistan 2014 501.24
Venezuela, RB 2008 190.37
Venezuela, RB 2009 185.83
Venezuela, RB 2010 204.04
Venezuela, RB 2011 232.62
Venezuela, RB 2012 295.84
Venezuela, RB 2013 363.79
Venezuela, RB 2014 272.68
South Africa 2008 389.40
South Africa 2009 392.12
South Africa 2010 365.50
South Africa 2011 386.80
South Africa 2012 404.72
South Africa 2013 434.85
South Africa 2014 432.16