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Technicians in R&D (per million people)

The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Country Year Value
Brazil 2008 606.16
Brazil 2009 681.03
Brazil 2010 754.58
Brazil 2011 809.69
Brazil 2012 863.93
Brazil 2013 917.33
Brazil 2014 969.90
Canada 2008 1,960.25
Canada 2009 1,789.24
Canada 2010 1,520.75
Canada 2011 1,555.05
Canada 2012 1,369.91
Canada 2013 1,378.32
Canada 2014 1,352.98
Chile 2008 294.72
Chile 2009 213.67
Chile 2010 229.10
Chile 2011 268.65
Chile 2012 308.30
Chile 2013 272.49
Chile 2014 313.68
Cyprus 2008 292.37
Cyprus 2009 280.78
Cyprus 2010 257.22
Cyprus 2011 256.38
Cyprus 2012 236.75
Cyprus 2013 236.60
Cyprus 2014 264.46
Czech Republic 2008 1,451.57
Czech Republic 2009 1,525.99
Czech Republic 2010 1,515.74
Czech Republic 2011 1,619.14
Czech Republic 2012 1,739.63
Czech Republic 2013 1,788.36
Czech Republic 2014 1,873.82
Germany 2008 1,354.21
Germany 2009 1,380.23
Germany 2010 1,400.66
Germany 2011 1,725.48
Germany 2012 1,733.25
Germany 2013 1,709.53
Germany 2014 1,883.20
Ecuador 2008 29.87
Ecuador 2009 59.10
Ecuador 2010 68.56
Ecuador 2011 77.20
Ecuador 2012 83.49
Ecuador 2013 78.56
Ecuador 2014 89.96
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2008 208.85
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2009 243.67
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2010 250.82
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2011 259.77
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2012 267.15
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2013 272.80
Egypt, Arab Rep. 2014 351.62
Spain 2008 1,124.67
Spain 2009 1,242.57
Spain 2010 1,293.32
Spain 2011 1,243.61
Spain 2012 1,233.00
Spain 2013 1,210.76
Spain 2014 1,163.05
Estonia 2008 617.88
Estonia 2009 625.69
Estonia 2010 680.88
Estonia 2011 662.04
Estonia 2012 708.91
Estonia 2013 802.09
Estonia 2014 676.15
European Union 2008 1,099.27
European Union 2009 1,190.14
European Union 2010 1,169.78
European Union 2011 1,308.79
European Union 2012 1,281.92
European Union 2013 1,312.09
European Union 2014 1,321.95
France 2008 1,861.64
France 2009 1,895.00
France 2010 1,882.39
France 2011 1,876.41
France 2012 1,874.23
France 2013 1,836.14
France 2014 1,809.34
United Kingdom 2008 894.87
United Kingdom 2009 918.91
United Kingdom 2010 934.29
United Kingdom 2011 1,140.06
United Kingdom 2012 1,061.34
United Kingdom 2013 1,188.22
United Kingdom 2014 1,255.49
Guatemala 2008 34.06
Guatemala 2009 16.83
Guatemala 2010 18.66
Guatemala 2011 14.32
Guatemala 2012 18.07
Guatemala 2013 23.08
Guatemala 2014 26.38
Hong Kong SAR, China 2008 332.18
Hong Kong SAR, China 2009 355.69
Hong Kong SAR, China 2010 309.92
Hong Kong SAR, China 2011 351.38
Hong Kong SAR, China 2012 394.36
Hong Kong SAR, China 2013 293.42
Hong Kong SAR, China 2014 278.22
Croatia 2008 614.57
Croatia 2009 645.89
Croatia 2010 600.95
Croatia 2011 621.36
Croatia 2012 617.10
Croatia 2013 659.40
Croatia 2014 676.53
Hungary 2008 524.13
Hungary 2009 554.95
Hungary 2010 601.07
Hungary 2011 657.46
Hungary 2012 708.92
Hungary 2013 787.88
Hungary 2014 696.89
Ireland 2008 673.25
Ireland 2009 675.04
Ireland 2010 670.13
Ireland 2011 794.04
Ireland 2012 874.53
Ireland 2013 1,009.23
Ireland 2014 1,045.85
Iraq 2008 59.64
Iraq 2009 61.95
Iraq 2010 64.79
Iraq 2011 63.14
Iraq 2012 0.00
Iraq 2013 0.00
Iraq 2014 25.44
Japan 2008 587.53
Japan 2009 581.89
Japan 2010 582.35
Japan 2011 559.13
Japan 2012 512.59
Japan 2013 513.84
Japan 2014 536.96
Kazakhstan 2008 30.95
Kazakhstan 2009 30.23
Kazakhstan 2010 27.93
Kazakhstan 2011 28.14
Kazakhstan 2012 64.11
Kazakhstan 2013 176.90
Kazakhstan 2014 183.96
Korea, Rep. 2008 800.55
Korea, Rep. 2009 902.60
Korea, Rep. 2010 959.85
Korea, Rep. 2011 1,042.40
Korea, Rep. 2012 1,152.89
Korea, Rep. 2013 1,156.15
Korea, Rep. 2014 1,228.17
Kuwait 2008 35.01
Kuwait 2009 38.28
Kuwait 2010 29.08
Kuwait 2011 29.99
Kuwait 2012 19.71
Kuwait 2013 0.00
Kuwait 2014 61.99
Luxembourg 2008 3,034.79
Luxembourg 2009 2,866.71
Luxembourg 2010 3,362.80
Luxembourg 2011 3,289.34
Luxembourg 2012 2,954.28
Luxembourg 2013 2,941.32
Luxembourg 2014 3,094.05
Macao SAR, China 2008 417.67
Macao SAR, China 2009 450.23
Macao SAR, China 2010 581.55
Macao SAR, China 2011 666.26
Macao SAR, China 2012 645.35
Macao SAR, China 2013 732.63
Macao SAR, China 2014 745.84
Morocco 2008 60.53
Morocco 2009 0.00
Morocco 2010 52.47
Morocco 2011 51.77
Morocco 2012 42.54
Morocco 2013 0.00
Morocco 2014 41.35
Moldova 2008 99.51
Moldova 2009 79.13
Moldova 2010 80.61
Moldova 2011 66.30
Moldova 2012 65.74
Moldova 2013 73.64
Moldova 2014 68.63
Mexico 2008 221.91
Mexico 2009 238.38
Mexico 2010 181.96
Mexico 2011 184.90
Mexico 2012 142.73
Mexico 2013 137.55
Mexico 2014 0.00
North Macedonia 2008 81.75
North Macedonia 2009 66.21
North Macedonia 2010 81.95
North Macedonia 2011 59.58
North Macedonia 2012 109.32
North Macedonia 2013 53.32
North Macedonia 2014 67.81
Malta 2008 683.78
Malta 2009 682.78
Malta 2010 808.68
Malta 2011 974.35
Malta 2012 912.74
Malta 2013 807.23
Malta 2014 948.40
Malaysia 2008 68.48
Malaysia 2009 71.62
Malaysia 2010 130.30
Malaysia 2011 158.77
Malaysia 2012 162.85
Malaysia 2013 0.00
Malaysia 2014 212.16
Poland 2008 190.06
Poland 2009 188.48
Poland 2010 285.38
Poland 2011 359.77
Poland 2012 420.56
Poland 2013 384.67
Poland 2014 438.51
Portugal 2008 472.62
Portugal 2009 447.22
Portugal 2010 377.89
Portugal 2011 339.88
Portugal 2012 338.21
Portugal 2013 742.27
Portugal 2014 709.20
Romania 2008 221.80
Romania 2009 193.38
Romania 2010 153.33
Romania 2011 252.35
Romania 2012 251.89
Romania 2013 248.00
Romania 2014 225.10
Russian Federation 2008 486.88
Russian Federation 2009 474.11
Russian Federation 2010 474.23
Russian Federation 2011 490.53
Russian Federation 2012 475.24
Russian Federation 2013 483.31
Russian Federation 2014 496.62
Singapore 2008 596.69
Singapore 2009 548.63
Singapore 2010 456.33
Singapore 2011 458.37
Singapore 2012 456.31
Singapore 2013 454.33
Singapore 2014 450.69
Serbia 2008 300.03
Serbia 2009 392.07
Serbia 2010 334.84
Serbia 2011 299.97
Serbia 2012 312.46
Serbia 2013 324.75
Serbia 2014 350.75
Slovak Republic 2008 392.08
Slovak Republic 2009 348.11
Slovak Republic 2010 386.19
Slovak Republic 2011 355.02
Slovak Republic 2012 383.90
Slovak Republic 2013 329.36
Slovak Republic 2014 366.54
Slovenia 2008 1,689.53
Slovenia 2009 1,853.67
Slovenia 2010 1,922.35
Slovenia 2011 2,459.43
Slovenia 2012 2,313.12
Slovenia 2013 2,522.89
Slovenia 2014 2,392.28
Tunisia 2008 0.00
Tunisia 2009 47.31
Tunisia 2010 46.92
Tunisia 2011 49.99
Tunisia 2012 50.98
Tunisia 2013 61.44
Tunisia 2014 58.75
Turkey 2008 108.09
Turkey 2009 123.01
Turkey 2010 143.12
Turkey 2011 172.25
Turkey 2012 190.02
Turkey 2013 197.97
Turkey 2014 208.26
Ukraine 2008 303.61
Ukraine 2009 286.32
Ukraine 2010 285.04
Ukraine 2011 262.54
Ukraine 2012 238.09
Ukraine 2013 216.65
Ukraine 2014 190.83
Uzbekistan 2008 62.66
Uzbekistan 2009 64.56
Uzbekistan 2010 66.63
Uzbekistan 2011 58.46
Uzbekistan 2012 61.09
Uzbekistan 2013 57.26
Uzbekistan 2014 58.50
South Africa 2008 120.98
South Africa 2009 114.75
South Africa 2010 105.62
South Africa 2011 107.05
South Africa 2012 124.59
South Africa 2013 128.62
South Africa 2014 141.74